The Congruence Model Of Organizational Behavior - 1807 Words

Introduction Recently the consulting group has elected to use the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model based on the input/output analysis that the congruence model provides. With this report it will provide an unbiased outlook on how the inputs align with whole foods strategy. In addition to this data we will analyze how the company has been doing with its performance compared to its goals. This report will analyze the company’s business strategy to its operating environment as well as examine the inputs in the organization’s environment, resources, and history, and how they align with the required outputs. Lastly, we will explain to the executives/consulting group how congruent the company’s outputs are across three levels: the overall organizational level, the group level, and the individual level. Congruence Model of Organizational Behavior It’s important to understand that designing and leading successful organizational change requires a clear understanding of the dynamics and challenges facing the organization at all levels of the company’s including its strategic and operationally. The Congruence Model is applied in evaluating the ability of an organization’s strategy and operations in sustaining competitiveness in the market. This model seeks to understand an organization’s performance, which consists of some basic elements, such as strategy, inputs, transformation process, and outputs (Nadler Tushman, 1980; Nicholson Kiel, 2004). These elements must remain steadyShow MoreRelatedModels of Organization Diagnosis1660 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The primary purpose of this essay is to understand various models of organization diagnosis and their differences also well as their similarities, and also evaluate their strength and weakness. In order to understand these OD models we will need to know what is organizational diagnosis. What is Organizational Diagnosis? This is a strategy implemented by organizations to increase its effectiveness. This involves assessing an organization’s existing levels of performance, to design aRead MoreMarket Analysis of Avon1627 Words   |  6 Pagesinfrastructure. Model A model is a standard used to imitate, compare or emulate; what the organization does with the input to produce an output. Conceptions of planned change tend to focus on how change should be implemented in organizations. The models are described in frameworks called theories, which describe how the activities should take place to carry out a successful organizational change. Organizational models are helpful in categorizing, when collecting or observing data. Models help in categorizingRead MoreThe Model Of Congruence For Business Enterprise Evaluation1365 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the NAVAL supply systems command will use these two models then it can easily diagnose the problems in strategy, staff, behavior, financial, operations, and several others. So the enterprise will be able to solve its problems efficiently and to cope with current readiness in innovations. The model of Congruence for business enterprise evaluation: The Congruence model by Nadler-Tushman is an extra complete structure, specifying inserted data, turnouts, and returned production that are steadyRead MoreThe Marketing Of Apple Incorporated Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesnew ranges of products concerning laptops phones, and many other products. During the making of their computers, the company found that bundling the hardware and software the company produced the Mac Operating System. With the guidance on the organizational analysis of Apple Incorporated, we discovered that the corporation started marketing the iPod. Then the company expands the market for the Blackberry, and they created a smartphone for the younger generations. Even then this was not enough forRead MoreOrganizational Diagnosis Models On Whole Foods Market1370 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Diagnosis Models on Whole Foods Market Wanda I. Ramos Trident University BUS 599: Title of Course Professor’s Name July 21 2015 Abstract Organizational diagnosis is known as an effective way at looking organizations to determine gaps or needs between current and desired performance, and how it can achieve its goals. Open Systems Theory will be defined and briefly discussed in connection to organizational diagnosis. An analysis of four organizational diagnosis modelsRead More Analysis of Hewlett-Packard’s Institutionalizing Structural Change1019 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational change is difficult and challenging. However, once the change has been made and it is successful, there is one last step that is needed, which is institutionalizing the change. According to Fernandez and Rainey (2006), this is where employees learn and establish new behaviors and leaders institutionalize them so that new patterns of behavior become the norm. This has also been referred to by Cummings and Worley (2009) as refreezing from Lewin’s three stage change model where refreezingRead MoreEssay on Theoretical Matrix1470 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies were an examination of organizational and individual barriers to change. We learn to identify the role of strategic renewal, the behavioral aspect of organizational change, analyzed the dynamic of motivating employee behavioral change, differentiated the three faces of change, and finally explored the sources of employee resistance. A primary focus was Lewin’s Field Theory in Social Sciences and for this paper identified three theoretical organization change models. University of PhoenixRead MoreAnalysis Of Walmart And Tushman s Model2559 Words   |  11 Pagesorganization using Nadler Tushman’s Model Understanding individual behavior is challenging. This makes analyzing organizational behavior complicated because large organizations have many people working individually and collectively to achieve organizational goals. Organizations are naturally complex to analyze because they comprise of different individuals and groups. Models provide the best solution to analyzing organizations. They are roadmaps to organizational behavior with regard to identifying criticalRead MoreCase Analysis Sunflower Incorporated938 Words   |  4 Pagessingle regional executive bother to send the pricing and purchasing report. Analysis: After Sunflower began to use financial reporting system that compared sales, costs, and profit across regions, management found out that there was lack of congruence between the pricing and purchasing decisions across regions. Due to this, profit varied widely from one region to other. The head office encouraged each region to be autonomous because of taste and practices, the management found that highly profitableRead MoreWhole Food Nadler-Tushmand CA Mod41772 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model; zeroing in on performance as it relates to organization goals and outcomes based on the congruency of it outputs across the models three levels.â€Æ' Whole Foods continues with the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model this time examining organizational outputs. In addition, the following will discuss the way in which the company identifies its groups, individual functions, and the interactions among different organizational outputs. Organizational Level ~ Outputs

How childhood history and culture affects how we live as...

Childhood history has a lot to do with how we live as adults because certain childhood events could trigger something that would last a life time. Take for example if a child fails at something and the parent does nothing to help the child, the child will grow up thinking that failing is alright and that he or she will have a hard time in life with their job or in school or life in general. Many events from a persons’ life can stick with the person throughout their life like a thorn in the side. The event will every so often reappear in the persons mind when some event in the present triggers a familiarity with the past event and the person could go in to a state of worry or even worse shock. In this occurrence it could†¦show more content†¦They may not want to try new things or meet new people or anything for that matter. The childhood history also has an affect on the relationship with the persons’ parents. Events that occurred in the past redevelop and the person might love their parent or hate their parent depending on their child hood. This is also true with relationships with a life partner. However they were brought up will affect their relationship with their partner. Many psychiatrists believe that child hood events could show want might be troubling people, and when they find out what happened they usually could solve the problem. The person’s surroundings as a child is also a factor on how the person will live when they are adults. Usually when a person is surrounded by comfort the person will be a warm gentle person, but a person who is surrounded by violence and anger as a child will usually grow up to be and angry and violent person. In conclusion I believe that the child hood of a person or persons’ will greatly decide what his or hers adult life. Their child hood memories will stick with them either in their mind which they always remember a certain event that changed their life, or aShow MoreRelatedThe Goal Of Archaeological Research906 Words   |  4 Pagesaround we have had cultural traditions specific to our species. The goal of archaeological research is to obtain a broad understanding of human culture. Archaeologists are interested in studying culture in the past and in the present through material remains. Remains include anything that was created or modified for use by humans. By studying culture in this way we gain insight into how different communities lived in different areas of the world. We see how our ancestors lived and how culture has changedRead MoreGretel in Darkness Essay875 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most part seems to have no after affect of the murder and seems to be living a perfectly normal life. Hansel is unaffected by his sisters troubles, even though she committed the murder to save him. An example of how Hansel is unaffected is in lines 19-21 in which Gretel states Nights I turn to you to hold me but you ar e not there, am I alone? This is a perfect example of the inner suffering Gretel is going through. These are also the thoughts of an adult, for a child would not have such sufferingRead More A Mothers Love and a Daughters Growth Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesuses the past to create a background for Ruth’s understanding of love when she uses a manuscript written by LuLing Young and a manuscript written by Precious Auntie. As the story begins, time is set in modern day San Francisco where Ruth Young lives and where she finds an old pile of papers in the bottom of her desk drawer. Ruth struggles with the text since it is in her mother’s beautifully written Chinese calligraphy, of which she understands only a few characters. At first, Ruth’s mother constantlyRead MoreDoes A Parent s Education Level Affect Their Nutritional Habits?1312 Words   |  6 PagesRough Draft Does a Parent’s Education Level Affect Their Offsprings Nutritional Habits? Thesis If parents had a high education level then their children will be able to make good dietary decisions and live a healthier life Rationale The study will help society because it can correlate the relationship between a parent s educational level and the food habits of their offspring. This can bridge the gap between what causes certain families to be properly nourished and what causes other families toRead MoreSociological Imagination: Generalized Anxiety Disorder1536 Words   |  7 Pagesanxiety disorder and how if effects society today. The sociological Imagination allows a person to look at a social problem past the particular circumstances of a certain person and look at how it affects people as a whole. Using this theory sociologist have been taught to ignore individuals and look at society as a whole. Social forces are a big part of the sociological imagination. Social forces are anything that affects society. So, a social forces could be anything from culture to government. CRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Abuse On Children1474 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: Childhood abuse has been present throughout many years but it has never been brought into life as it is today. The child’s brain is just as a sponge, absorbing every detail of their daily lives. If the child lives in an environment where there is abuse, that child in the future will do the same because it was what he got used to. Many parents use violence as a form of punishment when they do not realize that by only being violent, they are creati ng a trauma on the child which can leadRead MoreIs Childhood in Crisis?2434 Words   |  10 PagesIs Childhood in crisis? 2,500 The nature of childhood, has changed significantly over time. Reference for definitions The word ‘childhood’ can be defined as being ‘the period during which a person is a child’ and is seen as the period between birth and adolesance. Childhood is built up by a range of different aspects for example: development socially, educationally etc. The idea of childhood being in crisis, can relate to a range of different issues i.e. family breakdown, increase in technologyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1082 Words   |  5 Pageswith the village head. Many, in this instance, understood things were about to changed. Lives would be ruined, and lives will be saved. We’ve seen many cultural collisions throughout history; such as, Nazi Germany or the Indian Removal in the United States. During the Scramble for Africa many native cultures were compromised and altered. For most tribes this intervention was seen as unnecessary. The Ibo culture was no e xception. The majority of the Ibo in Umofia protested foreign influence in tribalRead MoreDiabetes : Symptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1058 Words   |  5 PagesAs young kids we learn from our family environment self-care behaviors, including diet and physical activity. As of 2014, there are 29.1 million people in the world that are diagnosed with diabetes. (2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report) Diabetes is a disease that affects how your body produces insulin, which then affects your blood sugar. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is where someone does not produce insulin at all and is typically diagnosed in early childhood. Type 2 diabetesRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1132 Words   |  5 Pagesstudying was that he was more concerned about how children’s thoughts got to the answer in relation to their IQ rather than simply their ability to answer a question correctly. The cognitive development theory detailed observational studies of cognition in children by a series of tests, which furthermore revealed different cognitive abilities. Before Piaget’s study, it was assumed that because children are younger, they are less competent thinks than that of adults. However, test results showed that it

Knowledge Value Chain Free Essays

The model consists of knowledge infrastructure (knowledge worker acquirement, knowledge storage capacity, customer/supplier relationship and COOK and management), the process of KM (knowledge acquisition, knowledge innovation, knowledge protection, knowledge integration, and knowledge dissemination), and the interaction among those components resulting in knowledge performance. Further to the discussion of knowledge value chain (C.V. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Value Chain or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), the following viewpoint was proposed: KM guides the way a corporation performs individual knowledge activities and organizes its entire C.V.. It was suggested that competitive advantage grows out of he way corporations organize and perform discrete activities in knowledge value chain which should be measured by the core competence of corporation. This article also provides a cross-reference for e-commerce researchers and practitioners. Knowledge and knowledge management Knowledge vs. information Knowledge refers to an observer’s distinction of ‘ ‘objects† through which he brings forth from the background of experience a coherent and self-consistent set of coordinated actions (Selene, 1987). Through the process of distinction, individual pieces of data and information become connected with one another in a network of elation. Knowledge then is contained in the overall organizational pattern of the network and not in any of the components. Knowledge is more than information. Information is data organized into meaningful patterns. Information is transformed into knowledge when a person reads, understands, interprets, and applies the information to a specific work function. Knowledge becomes visible when experienced persons put into practice lessons learned over time. One person’s knowledge can be another person’s information. If a person cannot understand and apply the information to anything, it remains Just information. However, another individual can take that same information, understand it and interpret it in the context of previous experience, and apply the newly acquired knowledge to make business decisions or redefine a laboratory procedure. Yet a third person may take the same pieces of information, and through his unique personal experiences or lessons learned, apply knowledge in ways that the second person may never have even considered. Information is a component part but not the whole of knowledge (Michael, 1982). Knowledge itself is a much more all-encompassing term that incorporates the concept of beliefs based on information (Dressed, 1981). It also depends on the commitment and understanding of the individual holding these beliefs, which are affected by people’s interaction and the development of judgment, behavior and attitude (Berger and Lackawanna, 1967). Journal of Management Development, Volvo. 19 NO. 9, 2000, up. 783-793. MAC university press, 0262-1711 Journal of Management Development 19,9 784 Tacit vs. explicit Tacit knowledge is that knowledge which cannot be explicated fully even by an expert and can be transferred from one person to another only through a long process of apprenticeship (Poland, 1962). Payola’s famous dictum, ‘We know more than we can ell†, points to the phenomenon in which much that constitutes human skill remains unarticulated and known only to the person who has that skill. Tacit knowledge is the skills and ‘know-how† we have inside each of us that cannot be easily shared (Limit, 1999). In fact, both of the definitions have the same meaning. In contrast, explicit knowledge is relatively easily to articulate and communicate and, thus, transfer between individuals and organizations. Explicit knowledge resides in formulae, textbooks, or technical documents. Analogous to the tacit and explicit dichotomy, Goff (1989) sakes a distinction between embodied or action-centered, skills and intellective skills. Action-centered skills are developed through actual performance (learning by doing). In contrast, intellective skills combine abstraction, explicit reference, and procedural reasoning, which makes them easily representatives as symbols and, therefore, easily transferable. The conceptual distinction between tacit and explicit knowledge also appears in Reed et al. ‘s (1996) discussion of causally ambiguous competencies. They describe tactics as residing in the inability of even a skilled individual to spell out explicitly the session rules and protocols that form the basis of performance. Obduracy (1991) conceives of tacit knowledge as existing in individuals or groups of individuals. He refers to such knowledge in individuals and social groups as embedded knowledge. Similar distinctions between explicit and largely tacit knowledge in organizations have been made by Scribner’s (1986), Monika (1988), Huddled (1994), and Bonn (1994). Explicit knowledge is the knowledge that can be easily captured artificially through manuals and standard operations, and then shared with others either through Hough courses or through books for slandering. In an organization, tangible knowledge takes the form of Job procedures as well as the company’s philosophy and strategy. Knowledge management Information is becoming ever more important in our economy, and most corporations see that knowledge can confer competitive advantage. But corporations are already flooded with information, and most of us have more of it than we can handle. Knowledge management (KM) tries to resolve the troublesome paradox (Anthem, 1998). A common definition of KM is: ‘The collection of processes that govern the creation, assimilation and leveraging of knowledge to fulfill organizational objectives†. KM is an emerging set of organizational design and operational principles, processes, organizational structures, applications and technologies that helps knowledge workers dramatically leverage their creativity and ability to deliver business value. In fact, KM is about people and the processes they use to share information and build knowledge (Hanley, 1999). Marshall (1997) considered that KM refers to the harnessing of ‘ ‘intellectual capital† within an organization. KM theory discusses accessing and using all information within an institution, enabling individuals to apply pertinent information to what they already know, in order to create knowledge. The theory recognizes that knowledge, not simply information, is the greatest asset to an institution. It includes the strategies and processes for identifying, capturing, sharing, and leveraging the knowledge required to survive and compete successfully into the twenty-first century (Gatchis, 1999). KM focuses on ‘doing the right thing† instead of ‘ ‘doing things right†. In our thinking, KM is a framework within which the organization views all its processes as knowledge processes. Knowledge value chain model Differences among competitor value chains are a key source of competitive advantage. In competitive terms, value is the amount customers are willing to pay for what a corporation provides them. Value is measured by total revenue, a reflection of the price a corporation’s product commands and the units it can sell. A firm is profitable if the value it commands exceeds the costs involved in creating the product (Porter, 1985). Creating value for customers that exceeds the cost of doing so is the goal of any competitive strategy. Value, instead of cost, must be used in analyzing nominative position since corporations often deliberately raise their cost in order to command a premium price via differentiation. Employing Porter’s value chain analysis approach, we developed a knowledge value chain model. Knowledge value chain consists of KM infrastructure and the KM process’s activities and knowledge performance. These infrastructure components and activities are the building blocks by which a corporation creates a product or provides service valuable to its customers. Knowledge performance can be measured in two categories (van Burden, 1999). One is financial performance. However, financial assessments such as ROI are particularly difficult to make for KM activities. The other is non-financial measures including operating performance outcomes and direct measures of learning. Examples of operating performance measures include lead times, customer satisfaction, and employee productivity. Learning measures include such items as the number of participants in communities of practice, employees trained, and customers affected by the use of knowledge. All the non-financial measures can be regarded as the reflection of core competence of corporation. The KM process’s activities are listed along the bottom of Figure 1 . In any corporation, the KM process can be divided into the five categories shown in Figure 1. KM infrastructure supports the KM process activities. The dotted lines reflect the fact that customer/supplier relationship, knowledge storage capacity, and knowledge worker recruitment can be associated with 785 786 Figure 1. Model specific KM process activities as well as support the entire chain. COOK and management are not associated with particular KM process activities but support the entire chain. Components of KM infrastructure Knowledge worker recruitment The term knowledge worker refers to the worker who possesses competencies, knowledge, and skills in the organization such as computer engineers, accountants, etc. If a person leaves the organization, their knowledge goes with them. Knowledge is acquirable and renewable. It is the source of innovation and creativity. This is the traditional focus of many training and education programs. In the knowledge economy, knowledge permeates through everything important Ð’Â ± people, products organizations. There have always been people who worked with their minds rather than their hands. In knowledge era, these are the majority of the workforce. Already, almost 60 per cent of American workers are knowledge workers. Recruiting knowledge workers in organizations is a key activity in the long term. Knowledge storage capacity Knowledge storage capacity is organizational memory and capabilities for people to store and reuse information and knowledge. It involves the organization’s routine operations and structures that support employees’ quests for optimum intellectual performance and, therefore, overall business performance. An individual can have a high level of knowledge, but if the organization has poor systems and procedures by which to track his or her actions, the overall knowledge resource will not reach its fullest potential. Knowledge storage capacity is owned by the organization. It is retained by the organization when employees leave. There exist two organizational structures, formal and informal. In formal organizations, people easily access explicit knowledge. Informal organizations are rich in tacit knowledge, which usually is the source of innovation. It is difficult to articulate in writing and is acquired through personal experience. It is shared by intensive face-to-face communication. To keep the costs of knowledge transfer low, angers try to turn inherently tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. There are different approaches to implement KM, it depends on what kind of knowledge your people rely on to solve problem. When employees rely on explicit knowledge to do their work, the people-documents approach makes the most sense. When people use tacit knowledge most often to solve problems, the person-to-person approach works best. Customer/supplier relationship Customer/supplier relationship refers to the organization’s relationships with its customers/suppliers. It might include customer/supplier loyalty for services or reduces, the purchasing/sale patterns of different customer/supplier groups, customer/supplier service reputation, warranties and undertakings by customer/ supplier, and database for customer/supplier. The relationship between a corporation and its suppliers is very important and can be regarded as a intangible and agile asset of the corporation. It enables corporation to meet the needs of customers at a lower cost. Owning more stable and closer relationship with suppliers than its competitors means that the corporation has gained a superior competitive position over its competitors. In other words, the applier relationship is mainly for cost control purposes. Understanding better than anyone else what customers want in a product or a service is what makes someone a business leader as opposed to a follower. Turning knowledge into new customized products and services will maximize a corporation’s market value. COOK and management As a corporation undertakes a KM program, the position of chief knowledge officer (COOK) is emerging to coordinate the KM infrastructure components and KM activities. The COOK is entrusted with the role of transforming intellectual property into a business value. In other words, The COOK is responsible for the overall knowledge assets of a company and for defining the area in which the knowledge capabilities of the organization should evolve, based on its ongoing mission and vision. The COOK has the ultimate corporation-wide responsibility for the controlled vocabulary and knowledge directory and tackles the difficult issues associated with cross-department or cross-corporation processes that have unique knowledge-sharing requirements. The COOK also is responsible for ensuring that an appropriate technology infrastructure is in place for effective KM. The COOK has two principle design competencies: He is a technologist or environmentalist. Breadth of career experience, familiarity with his organization, and infectious enthusiasm for his mission are characteristic of the COOK. 87 788 In this research, both the COOK and management can be considered as support not only for the other three infrastructure components, but also for the entire process of Process of knowledge management As noted in Figure 1, the process of KM consists of five activities Ð’Â ± knowledge acquisition, integration, innovation, protection, and dissemination. Knowledge acquisition In order to do something we need to track down and analyze all the information and explicit knowledge that is available. This will lead to beginning the process of knowledge acquisition via knowledge management infrastructure. We will discuss two processes through which organizations acquire information or knowledge: searching and organizational learning. Organizational information acquisition through searching can be viewed as occurring in three forms (Huber, 1991): (1) scanning; (2) focused search; and (3) performance monitoring. Scanning refers to the relatively wide-ranging sensing of the organization’s external environment. Focused searching occurs when organizational members or units actively search in a narrow segment of the organization’s internal or external environment, often in response to actual or suspected problems or opportunities. Performance monitoring is used to mean both focused and withdrawing sensing of the organization’s effectiveness in fulfilling its own practicalities goals or the requirements of stakeholders. Noticing is the unintended acquisition of information about the organization’s external environment, internal conditions, or performance. Organizational learning plays a vital role in knowledge acquisition. The need for organizations to change continuously, which was emphasized by Trucker, has long been the central concern of organizational learning theorists. Just as with individuals, organizations must always confront novel aspects of their circumstances (Cohen, 1991). It is widely agreed that learning consists of two kinds of activity. The first kind of learning is obtaining know-how in order to solve specific problems based upon existing premises. The second kind of learning is establishing new premises (paradigms, schemata, mental models, or perspectives) to override the existing ones. These two kinds of learning have been referred to as ‘ ‘Learning l† and â€Å"Learning II† (Battens, 1972) or ‘single-loop learning† and ‘double-loop learning† (Argils and Chon, 1978). From our viewpoint, knowledge acquisition and knowledge innovation certainly involve interaction between these two kinds of learning, which forms a kind of dynamic spiral. Sense (1990) recognized that many organizations suffer from ‘learning disabilities†. To cure the diseases and enhance the organization’s capacity to learn, he proposed the ‘ ‘learning organization† as a practical model. He argued that the learning organization has the capacity for both generative learning (I. E. Active) and adaptive learning (I. E. Passive) as the sustainable sources of competitive advantage. Knowledge innovation In a strict sense, knowledge is created only by individuals. An organization cannot create knowledge without individuals. The organization supports creative individuals or provides contexts for them to create knowledge. Organizational knowledge innovation, therefore, should be understood as a process that ‘ ‘organizationally† amplifies the knowledge created by individuals and crystallizes it as a part of the knowledge network of the organization. There are actually three levels of knowledge- creating entities including individual, group, and organization. On the other hand, the conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge is a key process in creating new knowledge. A knowledge-innovation spiral emerges when the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge is elevated dynamically from a lower level knowledgeableness entity to higher levels. The assumption that knowledge is created through the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge leads to four different modes of knowledge conversion. The four modes actually are four realizations: (1) from tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge, which is called colonization; (2) from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, or sterilization; (3) from explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge, or combination; and (4) from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge, or naturalization. Knowledge protection Protection of knowledge is important because it protects creativity and the interests of knowledge-owners. In legal systems protection of knowledge means protection of Intellectual Property Rights (PR) such as copyrights and patents, which includes revision for a right of legal action against infringes of PR and provisions detailing persons or corporations empowered to authorize the commercial use of PR and allowing the owner of PR to charge fees for such commercial uses. In a sophisticated information technology (IT) system, knowledge will be protected by filename, by surname, by password, etc. So that knowledge can be reused when it receives a request and checks against the standard file-sharing users and group table to determine what rights the user has. In addition to legal and IT protection, corporations should contract with employees guarding confidential information and their tenure in case of they 789 790 leave, and should also develop other protocols and policy guidelines which recognize and promote rights of knowledge, and then implement them by staff awareness and education cam paigns. Knowledge integration Latest advances of information technology can facilitate the processes such as acquiring and disseminating knowledge; however, the final burden is on people deciding how to translate this raw knowledge into actionable knowledge by means of an acute understanding of their business context. This is a internal knowledge integration process. Corporations have always had some process to synthesize their experience and integrate it with knowledge acquired from outside sources (e. G. Inventions, purchased patents). A corporation acquires knowledge from years of experience in such things as manufacturing, sales, and service. This cumulative experience from different departments, together with information gathered from outside sources, can be integrated into the C.V. of the organization, which is a inter- sub-C.V. integration process, eventually being the base of KM infrastructure. Knowledge dissemination The most effective way to disseminate knowledge and best practice is through systematic transfer. That is, to create a knowledge-sharing environment. It is no coincidence that IT has blossomed at the same time that knowledge is becoming recognized as the most valuable of a corporation’s assets. Explicit knowledge can be shared through an IT system. However, tacit knowledge is best shared through people. The more ‘valuable† the knowledge, the less sophisticated the technology that supports it. Dissemination of tacit knowledge is a social process. People must contribute knowledge to become part of a knowledge network. IT alone will not remove significant KM barriers. IT will not change people’s behaviors, increase management’s commitment, nor create a shared understanding of its strategy or its implementation. To show its commitment for sharing knowledge, an organization should foster the employee’s willingness to share and contribute to the knowledge base. This may be the most difficult obstacle to overcome. Current performance and rewards systems exemplify an individual’s personal achievement and rarely take into account an individual’s contribution to or participation in formal collaboration efforts. Reward structures and performance metrics need to be created which benefit those individuals who contribute to and use a shared knowledge base. Those who excel at knowledge sharing should be recognized in public forums such as newsletters and e- mails. By effective communication, the knowledge disseminated flows to the acquirers who are searching for and learning knowledge or information they need. Employees must be made to understand that the success and advancement in their career will be based on KM principles. KM skills must be seen to be as important to career advancement as continuing education and communication skills. C.V., business value chain, and competitive strategy As the value chain itself implies, each element of activity can create value and then all the value flows to the endpoint of the business value chain and Joins together, forming the overall value of business, which is usually expressed as a margin (see Figure 2). Probing deeply, we can find that the added value comes from the competence of element activity itself, which in turn comes from specific suburb of itself. For example, sub-C.V. in inbound logistics (IL) activity enables business to gain the inbound logistics competence, and then the added value follows. The same process occurs in other activities including operations (POP), outbound logistics (OLL), marketing and sales (MS), and service (SE). Finally, all 791 Figure 2. Relationship between business value chain and C.V. 792 the sub-Kvass are integrated together into the whole C.V.. In the process of knowledge integration, the competence of knowledge infrastructure is gradually forming. In the end, corporation competence follows C.V.. By analyzing the above, we might note that competence is after all the measurement of each sub-C.V.. That is the reason why we feel that the core competence of the corporation should be employed as the key non- uncial measure of knowledge performance. In the whole process of KM, the innovation activity fits the product differentiation strategy, which can enable corporation gains the competitive advantage, as mentioned before (see Figure 3), while reusing knowledge fits low cost strategy, by which competitive advantage gained again. In consulting corporations, it’s Just like building with bricks: consultants reuse existing bricks while applying their skills to construct something new. The reuse of knowledge saves work, reduces communication costs, and allows a company to take on more projects. A case study of KM by Hansen et al. (1999) noted that, as a consequence, corporations such as Andersen Consulting and Ernst Young have been able to grow at rates of 20 per cent or more in recent years. Ernst Young worldwide consulting revenues, for example, increased from $1. Billion in 1995 to $2. 7 billion in 1997. Generally, managing knowledge assets should, like patents, trademarks and licenses, even add knowledge to the balance sheet. Conclusion and further discussion Knowledge is information plus causal links that help to make sense of this information. KM is a process that transforms information into knowledge. KM guides the way a corporation performs individual knowledge activities and organizes its entire knowledge value chain. It is suggested that competitive advantage grows out of the way corporations organize and perform discrete activities in the knowledge value chain, which should be measured by the core competence of the corporation. In the end, we would raise another assumption for further discussion, so that for KM to ‘ ‘open the black box† of a corporation and examine its intricate details. We assumed that the corporation should be treated more or less as a box of tricks reducing the predictable outputs of knowledge-based products and services from specific inputs of information or/and knowledge. How to cite Knowledge Value Chain, Papers

The Catbird Seat Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Catbird Seat Essay, Research Paper The Catbird Seat In? The Catbird Seat? Erwin Martin, a persevering employee of F A ; S for 22 old ages, is driven insane by new colleague, Ulgine Barrows. Mr. Martin is a really conservative adult male who has neer taken a drink or smoked in his life. Mr. Martin despises her? quacking? voice and? hee-hawing? laugh. She is ever inquiring him unusual inquiries like, ? are you raising the oxcart out of the ditch? Are you rupturing up the pea spot? ? He feels she is trying to destruct the efficiency and system of F A ; S. Another beginning of animus is that Mrs. Barrows is given the rubric of particular advisor to the president of the house, Mr. Fitweiler. Mrs. Barrows is clearly non qualified for such a place, and merely received the occupation because Mr. Fitweiler likes her. Mr. Martin knows that Mrs. Barrows is about to do some large alterations to his section. We will write a custom essay sample on The Catbird Seat Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He devises a strategy to kill Mrs. Barrows, and mislead the probe by go forthing coffin nail butts at the scene. On the eventide that he had planned to ki ll Mrs. Barrows, he walked to her house, very cautious of being seen by someone who might recognize him. He rang the doorbell and she invited him inside. She offered him a drink and he requested a scotch-and-soda. He searched for a weapon that he could use to kill her, but he could not find anything that would get the job done. He was a bit intimidated by the size of Mrs. Barrows and did not want to get into a physical confrontation with her. Instead, he told her that he was a heroin user and had a plan to kill Mr. Fitweiler. Upon her arrival at work the next day she immediately told Mr. Fitweiler the whole story. Mr. Fitweiler assumed that she had lost her mind, and even suggested that she see a psychiatrist. Mrs. Barrows was fired from her job and Mr. Martin could not have been more pleased. Two important truths about life are illustrated in ?The Catbird Seat.? From Mr. Martin we see that we do not really know a person unless we know all of their thoughts. From Mrs. Barrows we se e that if we make enough enemies someone will eventually make us pay the price.

Reflection to the Book Inside Rikers free essay sample

I could not help but notice a disturbing image of the book cover; it was an image of an inmate locked up in his cell; he had one hand holding the bar, while having the other hand out of the cell, with a cigarette in his hand. Then I read the Publisher Weekly’s description of the book in the cover page, which read, â€Å"a penetrating exploration of inmates’ lives in New York’s ‘vast penal colony’†¦ unusually stirring. Based on this image and Publisher Weekly’s description, I thought this book was going to talk about inmates’ involvement in criminal activities inside Rikers Island, i. e. fights between the prison gangs. Nevertheless, once I started reading, I came to realize my presumption was totally wrong. Prior to reading this book, I have been thinking that all criminals are just like any other â€Å"normal† persons in this world: they are smart people capable of making rational choices, and they, like â€Å"normal† people, have an equal opportunity to succeed, but they ended up being incarcerated because they made a â€Å"rational choice† to engage in criminal activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection to the Book Inside Rikers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nevertheless, this book clearly and evidently proved to me how naive I had been. I did not take into account the factors, such as poor and devastated social environments in which criminals were born and raised, that leaves someone no other choice but to resort to criminal activities. Another thing I learned from this book is the importance of rehabilitation. In this reaction paper, I will discuss each of my reactions in depth. Family and Opportunity This book actually changed my perception about inmates and crimes. I came to realize how social factors (such as being raised under incapable and irresponsible guardians or having lack of opportunity) play a big factor when it comes to crime. Rico’s life, which left me heartbroken, clearly illustrated that to me. I thought it was devastating how he became alcoholic at the age of two due to his mother’s habit of mixing liquor in his baby bottles, supposedly to make him sleep or stop crying. He also started smoking weed by age eight, and his father did not stop him. As a matter of fact, his father’s idea of quality time with his son was â€Å"getting high on the weekends†. Moreover, his mother fled the country when he was thirteen. How can anyone be expected to live a successful, law-abiding life under these circumstances? (Wynn, pg. 15) As I was reading, I thought myself: if anyone, including myself, were raised in the environment in which Rico was raised, then no one probably would live a law-abiding life. Likewise, it left Rico no other choice but to enter the life of the criminals. I believe I had been really naive to think that people like Rico chose to get involved in the criminal industry simply because they were lazy or did not seek legitimate opportunity like every one else did Angel, like Rico, turned to criminal activities because of social factors. He simply lacked the opportunity to live a decent life. There was one thing he said that really moved my heart. He said he hated the fact that he was poor no matter how hard he worked; he could not even buy things that he wanted on TV, when others can buy it without any hesitation. As strain theorists would say, this frustration probably turned him to a conman (Wynn, pg. 8). If criminals like Rico and Angel had parents who sincerely took care of them, or who could actually provide the basic necessities for them, would they have ended up in Rikers Island? Probably not. Thus, I really felt bad for them and the circumstances under which they had to live. The importance of Rehabilitation To be honest, I did not believe in rehabilitation prior to reading this book. Instead, I was a big fan of crime control model; I believed that mass incarceration is the best form of punishment and deterrence. However, as L. Richards said, I came to realize that â€Å"one act of kindness will do more toward reforming a criminal than a thousand acts of cruelty and than all the punishment that you can inflict†. I believe rehabilitation programs such as Fresh Start are really great way to provide inmates with a true â€Å"fresh start†. For many inmates, it sparks a desire within them that led to a succession of accomplishments and I believe Carlos and Lenny are living proof that people can change and that good rehabilitation programs work (Wynn, pg. 150) For Carlos, he not only mastered word processing but also learned Quark, which was sophisticated publishing software. His newly acquired skills led him to create massive database for the newsletter company and designed an award-winning website. He also trained other Fresh Start graduates to resolve their issues. Thus, it is evident that the rehabilitation program turned him from a drug dealer to a decent web-designer (Wynn, pg. 151). Likewise, Lenny received a job in a telemarketing company, which not only gave him the sense of accomplishment, but also made him realize that he can earn money by engaging in legal activities. I also liked how he became an inspiring figure to other inmates enrolled in the Fresh Start program, by telling them about how he has overcome his hardships after he was released from Rikers Island. Thus, these living proofs made me realize how important rehabilitation is. We, as a society, are busy blaming criminals for the crimes they commit, but we do not spend much time trying to help them live a straight, legitimate life (Wynn, pg. 156). Nevertheless, there was one rehabilitation programs that I really oppose: it’s the Key Extended Entry Program (KEEP), which allows addicts to receive methadone throughout their period of incarceration, which averages forty-five days but an be up to a year or even eighteen months. As mentioned in Anthony’s article â€Å"Rikers Highland,† some inmates leave jails with a worse drug habit than they came in with (Wynn, pg. 174). Conclusion Overall, this book changed my perception of inmates and the rehabilitation program. The inmate’s lives (especially the life of Rico) not only saddened me, it also made me feel that, based on their environment in which they were raised, they had no other choice but to become criminals, as if it were their destiny. I just hope more and more inmates take advantage of the rehabilitation program like â€Å"Fresh Start† to live a legitimate life after release.

GPS - The Future of Agricultur essays

GPS - The Future of Agricultur essays Its cold, its late, youre driving home from the public speaking contest when suddenly, BAM, you hit a patch of ice and your car slides out of control. Across the road, through the ditch, into the left over stubble of a corn field, finally stopping at an old tree. Then it happens. You hear the voice... Your name are you all right? You pause and wonder... Where is the voice coming from? Your name, this is Angie with On-Star. Our system indicates that your airbag have been deployed. Are you in need of assistance? You try to answer, but no words will come out. your name, this is Angie with On-Star. We have identified the position of your vehicle, and since you are unable to respond at this time, we have contacted the local police department and help is on the way. Now I bet you are wondering what any of this has to do with agriculture. Well sit back, relax, and let me tell you a story of how the same technology used by On-Star has changed the face of farming. In the 1980s, everyone wanted to talk about sustainable agriculture. In the 1990s, it was precision agriculture (Thompson). Now, GPS and remote sensing have moved precision agriculture to the forefront. To many people, the Global Positioning System, or GPS, was once thought to be a mega system used by the government and military and not something that the average Joe would ever see up close. Well, things have changed! Many people today are familiar with GPS systems, such as On Star, that they can install in their vehicles or GPS programs available for your cell phone and your Palm Pilot as well. Yet, the average citizen may not think of GPS as something that has helped the agricultural industry. Even those that are familiar with the name, GPS, probably can not tell you what it really is or how it functions, so heres the quick introduction course. According to renowned physicist Edward Taylor...

WORLDVIEWS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WORLDVIEWS - Coursework Example A co-worker or a neighbor who follows the Islamic way of life should be understood in terms of what he/she stands for, and also be ready to embrace the differences between him/her and the other party. Presenting the Christian gospel to an Islamic person would be faced by religious differences. Islamic and Christian beliefs are significantly different. Countering one’s Islamic beliefs must be accompanied by outstanding evidence of the arguments being made. On the same note, faith in involved in the process. Faith and religious superiority would pose substantial barriers to presenting gospel to an Islamic person (Quá ¹ ­b & Rami, 2006). Personally, I uphold respect for other religions and the different forms of worldviews. In this respect, presenting the gospel must account for Islamic views and the Muslim beliefs. The idea is to present the gospel without tarnishing one religion over the other. Personally, balancing these two aspects poses substantial challenges to presenting the gospel to a person from Islamic worldview. The parties involved would have to be considered, and the efforts in presenting the gospel would not have to present Muslim religion or Islamic practices as inferior to

Smoking and Its Affects on Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smoking and Its Affects on Americans - Essay Example This report approves that reasonable persons who happen to smoke, an overwhelming majority, acknowledge that actions such as smoking in a car with the windows rolled up while the kids are in the car is at least a mild form of child neglect. It is unreasonable for citizens not allowed the civil liberty to engage in any activity that does not harm other persons or their property. Smokers have actually become an oppressed minority in the U.S. As an example, smokers are commonly the victims of workplace discrimination due to their unfortunate cigarette addiction. Personal freedoms are an American birthright that is slowly but surely eroding over time. This essay makes a conclusion that smoking is now widely regarded as an activity that can be associated with numerous health risks, not only for the individual engaging in the activity, but also for those who are in the immediate vicinity and thus must partake of what has been termed ‘second-hand smoke’. For these reasons, it has been determined in a variety of different venues and states, that smoking in public and public-use places, such as libraries and government offices, restaurants and shopping malls, should be banned. While restrictions in closed-area spaces may be reasonable and justified, smokers argue that unreasonable restrictions on their freedoms such as enjoying a nice smoke after dinner in the designated smoking section or while outdoors crosses the line of reason and damages the concepts of liberty and personal freedom as defined by the nation’s founding documents.

The Internet and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Internet and the Law - Essay Example If we look at the traditional model, those are more focused on the producer and distributor of the content. However, in the regulation the law has been amended in such a way that it holds the end user also accountable for any illegal content. The main aim of this article is to bring out the clear picture and the reason for which the regulation of the pornography has been made. This article is written in order to analyze the basis of the regulation of pornography. Though with the regulation the end users are also liable to possess illegal content or pornography, the legal regulation of the extreme pornography still lies with the producer and distributor of the content. In today's world of information technology and internet pornography has reached every nook and corner of the world. Every person is in the easy access of the pornography - whether it is online or offline. If we look at pornography from a different perspective, one question that comes to our mind is if it harmful or not. In some countries pornography is illegal. However, in some countries, possession of the same is not illegal but the distribution or publication is.2 In some countries possession is also illegal for certain types of pornography - like child pornography. In today's world there are various channels through which the pornographic contents are being circulated. The traditional delivery channels are print materials, DVDs, videos, CDs, TV. In the modern times internet, mobile phones, PDAs are also being included as the channel for the transmission. Censorship in the United Kingdom If we look at the censorship in the United Kingdom, there are many stringent laws that are applicable to varied arena. Since our core topic is related to the laws and regulations in the cyber or internet laws, let us straight away head towards the topic. The cyber law in the United Kingdom is very stringent. In the United Kingdom, the internet traffic is being passed through a service called Cleanfeed. The sole purpose of this procedure is to filter out the content that contains the indecent photographs of children of varied ages.3 Since there is a filter or check point being introduced, if there are any such pages that come up in the internet, the page is not delivered to the end user. Instead of that it shows an error stating "URL not found". There are many internet service providers who use WebMinder as well.4 There are few questions that we need to have clarify. Under the English Law, what is called as obscenity? This one question is very important to know. Along with that, to what extent can the obscene be distinguished from the pornographic? Look at the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, s62. How does this UK statutory provision compare with the relevant provision elsewhere internationally? Does extreme pornography regulation merit a different treatment in comparison to child pornography? What alternatives might there be for the regulation of undesirable online content? Could such altern atives provide a better solution to legal intervention? A Multi-Layered Approach Before we talk about the multi-layer approach of governance of pornography and child pornography, we need to know the processes by which pornography and child pornography can be regulated. The regulation of pornography is a controversial topic and the same is arisen in the recent years in relation with the Internet. In the recent days, the

Types of tourism

Types of tourism P1–Describe the travel and tourism component industries and provide examples of domestic, inbound and outbound organisations within them. Inbound Tourism: Tourists (non-residents) coming into a country e.g. The French coming into the UK. Outbound Tourism: People leaving their country for another country e.g. Russians going over to China. Domestic Tourism: Residents of one country travelling within it e.g. New Yorker travels to Los Angeles. Accommodation: Its the place you stay at for your holiday or tour; accommodations can be both serviced and non-serviced, serviced is when the room or place youre going to stay at is fully furnished and provided with cooking facilities, fresh meals, modern technology such as a flat screen TV and internet (Wi-Fi). For instance the Hilton hotels has its network in 78 countries across 6 continents[1]. The Hilton hotels are highly branded, stylish with excellent services, having over 92 years of experience proving their professionalism. Even the guest room itself has an original design which is well organised and undoubtedly accommodating. Thus inbound and outbound tourism would use serviced accommodation. On the other hand, non-serviced means only the accommodation itself is provided; the Sykes cottages organisation has over 5,000 cottages across the UK and Ireland. Nearly three decades of experience[2] indicates the companys efficiency and credibility. Therefore non-serviced accommodation would be use d for domestic tourism. Transport Provision: Irrespective of your destination, transport will be essential to get there; regardless of its form whether its by air, rail, road or sea. To get to and from your destination and around to explore the area coach or car travel is recommended. Coach travel are offering low cost prices if the tickets are booked in advance. Megabus offers prices as low as  £1. National Express is one of the largest coach companies that travel to more than 900 destinations across the UK[3]. Over the last 50 years, car travel has grown rapidly and it is by far the most popular type of transport used by the tourists in Britain. There are a variety of different worldwide companies, such as Avis that specialise in private car hire. Therefore both coach and car travel is suitable for domestic tourism. Rail travel is a more environmentally friendly mode of travelling. Virgin trains is a very popular train company that is popular with the tourists. Virgin trains have been around for over 15 years[4] therefore t hey are one of the most experienced train companies around Britain. Virgin trains travel all over the country. Thus rail travel being used for domestic tourism too. When travelling by sea, its usually by ferries or cruising. Ferry companies operate services between the UK and Ireland, France, Belgium and a few other destinations. For example PO Ferries, Irish Ferries and Stenaline. Since the Channel Tunnel was opened in 1994, ferry services have fallen dramatically[5]. However, cruising is also a type of travel using the sea and it is growing steadily and it is attracting lots off different types of tourists. In the past, cruising was seen more for the rich, famous and the elderly but cruising today, it is attracting families, young people and groups of people. Royal Caribbean Cruises is an example of a cruise service. This company holds the largest cruise ship ever built[6]. Sea travel would be used for all three types of tourism; inbound, outbound and domestic. Air travel is the most popular type of travel used all over the world. This includes; scheduled–planes that operate to a published timetable. These planes have to follow routes and they are under government licence e.g. British Airways or the low-costs such as Ryanair. Tickets purchased from the companys website, operating year round[7]. Charter–an airline ticket for a charter flight will be purchased from a tour operator. In this way, charter flights differ from scheduled flights, generally operate only during the summer months (May to October) or November to April for ski flights. Tour operators who put holiday packages together will charter or lease an aircraft from an airline such as Monarch or Thompson. Air travel is to be considered mostly for inbound and outbound tourism. Ancillary Services: Ancillary services are all the extras that come along side a holiday that tourists may need. These are things such as; travel insurance, foreign exchange, airport parking, car hire, luggage check-in, tour guiding, equipment hire, passport and visa services. Without Ancillary Services the holiday wouldnt be complete. Many Travel Agents offer ancillaries to their clients and they make good commission on these products and services. Eurochange is the foreign exchange expert within the UK, which will allow tourists to exchange their currency with outstanding rates, one of the best foreign exchange companies in the UK such as The Money Shop. Therefore making their holiday alot cheaper; suits the inbound and outbound tourism. Tour Operators: A Mass Market tour operator are companies such as Thomas Cook and Thomson who deal with any type of holiday and they are able to arrange packages that suit the customers. A mass market tour operator also supplies their customers with accommodation, transfers, transport and extra services. Specialist operators are businesses such as Cox and Kings. These type of tour operators are a lot more personal to the customer. This is because these tour operators are able to cater and specialise to what the tourists interest are for example, someone wants to go on a cycling holiday, they can tell the operator what they want in their holiday and the operators can do their best to satisfy the customers needs. Attractions: The tourist boards have estimated that there are around 6,400 tourist attractions in the UK. In the travel and tourism sector, attractions are vital as they are what attracts all the tourists from around the world. The Lake District is one of the popular natural attractions in the UK[8], a natural attraction is an attraction that has been created by nature. Many of these areas have been given a status to protect their environment and provide facilities so that the public can enjoy the sights. There are attractions such as caves, waterfalls, seashores and any other scenic view interest that havent been created by mankind. Attractions that are old and have been in place for many years and are now historical–heritage attractions. These are attractions such as canals, railways, battlefields. These attractions are in place so that people can gain an appreciation of the past. The Stone Henge is a popular hertiage attraction owned by English Heritage and is Located in Wiltshire. Purpose-built attractions–attractions that have been built purposely to attract tourist into that area. When people hear the term tourist attraction it makes people think automatically about the purpose-built attractions that are fun and enjoyable and designed for many different reasons. In the UK there are many purpose-built tourist attractions like Blackpool Pleasure Beach, Buckingham Palace and Alton Towers. Events–attractions that attracts tourists to the area. These are small events like the Blackpool Illuminations or huge events like the Olympics and the Paralympics. Events play a significant part in the tourist attractions because in different parts of the country, some places cant offer a large amount of natural or purpose-built attractions therefore the events may be the only reason people visit that certain area. Also Events bring in a lot of income which creates jobs and wealth in the area. Tourism development and Promotion: Tourist boards play an important role by helping destinations and co-ordinating the work of tourism businesses. Tourist boards get their money from the government (National and Local) and it is said to operate in the public sector. Public sector bodies play an important role in Travel and Tourism the UK, because they promote tourism and attract domestic and inbound tourists to the UK this in return will create income and jobs for local business and have a positive effect on the GDP. Tourist boards are websites such as Visit Bolton, Visit England etc. These websites show people who are visiting that area what is happening during the period of time they are there and when and where the events and occasions are taking place. These websites give you information locally, nationally and regionally. National–either a day trip of for a short break away. For example, the Visit Scotland website has information about the events that are taking place in Scotland and it also has their time and place that it is taking place. The national websites are usually available in a variety of different languages which means they are accessible for visitors from overseas who want to find out information about the UK. Local–local destinations such as the Visit Bolton website. This website provides information such as train and bus times, events, accommodation around Bolton and also in Bolton there would be a Tourist Information Centre that would help out the tourists. Finally, Regional–websites such as Visit Englands North West. This would be helpful for people who are overseas and they want to come and visit an area like the North West of England, it would give them information about what happens around this area and what type of activities and events are held in the Lake District. Trade associations and Regulatory bodies: A trade association is an organisation which works in the shared interests for either a particular industry or the customers in general; the difference between ATOL and ABTA is that they both exist for different kinds of operators. ATOL stands for Air Tour Operators Licence. ATOL is managed by the CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) and it is for the tour operators selling flights. ABTA stands for Association of British Travel Agents. ABTA is for the tour operators who aren’t involved with selling flights[9]. AITO is another association. This stands for Association of Independent Tour Operators. AITO was set up for the smaller travel companies[10]. These companies are in place just in case anything goes wrong whilst you are on holiday, all your money is protected. Also if any of the companies go bust whilst you are away, you will be refunded and brought home by the relevant organisation. If a tourist books a holiday through a company which is a member of AITO or bonded by ABTA they can be sure that the company is reliable and if the company should suffer from financial problems they will be protected. The traveller would be brought home from their holiday if the company failed whilst they were away. Travel Agents: Retail travel agent–advise people when they are travelling, about different hotels around the area they are travelling to and about the weather conditions and the different currency exchange. Business travel agent–travel services for companies, they focus mostly on short notice trips where the timing of the flight is alot more important than the price of the flight for the tourist. Call Centre travel agent–sells products over the phone and every day they have to reach a certain number of sales they make per day. Web Based travel agent–sells holidays over the internet. An example of these websites would be Expedia. This website allows you to create your own holiday trip and also looks at hotels and other extras that you might want with your holiday. [1] Hilton Hotels | http://www3.hilton.com/en/about/locations/index.html [2] Sykes Cottages | http://www.sykescottages.co.uk/history-of-sykes-cottages.html [3] National Express | http://www.nationalexpress.com/wherewego/index.aspx [4] Virgin trains | http://www.virgintrains.co.uk/about/ [5] Opening of Channel Tunnel causes ferry services to drop | http://www.economist.com/news/britain/21602261-why-sea-passenger-market-may-finally-collapse-set-adrift [6] Allure of the Seas largest cruise ship | http://www.cruisecritic.co.uk/reviews/review.cfm?ShipID=530 [7] Ryanair operating year round | http://corporate.ryanair.com/ [8] Natural Attractions | http://www.you2uk.com/natural-attractions.html | [9] ABTA | http://www.abta.com/ [10] AITO | http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=27

My Philosophy :: Education Teaching Essays

My Philosophy Education is important because it serves as a foundation for your quality of life. The over all purpose of any education is to teach children the world. It gives you a structure that is always changing as you learn more and more everyday. I want to become a physical education and health teacher because I feel that the education of a healthy lifestyle and active play need to be incorporated into everyone’s lives. I hope to provide students with the knowledge they need to stay healthy and to desire to be that way. What is my philosophy in teaching? Well, I am eclectic and have a few that I fit into. I find mainly that I am a progressivist. I also agree with certain aspects from the philosophical stances idealism, realism, and existentialism. Being a physical education major, I really do not see how I could become a traditional teacher. I do not picture myself taking on much of a democratic role, especially in the gym setting that I would primarily be in. I assume that I will tak e up the role of a facilitating teacher and have student centered activities where we will learn new things together. I plan to give my students the freedom to make their own decisions for the most part, because no one is going to have fun and want to participate much at all if they are not in an enjoyable setting. There will be rules that my students and I will determine together, and these are what will remain for the entire duration of the class as long as they do not take advantage of the rules or myself. In a way, I will give my students the opportunity to lead their class, as long as they do it responsibly and do not get out of hand. I think that my curricular area is important because of the rise of childhood obesity in the United States today. I hope to contribute, in a way, to the decline of obesity in the future. As a teacher I hope to accomplish the impossible, as I am sure that everyone sets out to do in any field. I want students to leave my class feeling like I care about them and that they belong in my class as well. I want to be one of the teachers that the students look up to and feel comfortable and at ease around. My Philosophy :: Education Teaching Essays My Philosophy Education is important because it serves as a foundation for your quality of life. The over all purpose of any education is to teach children the world. It gives you a structure that is always changing as you learn more and more everyday. I want to become a physical education and health teacher because I feel that the education of a healthy lifestyle and active play need to be incorporated into everyone’s lives. I hope to provide students with the knowledge they need to stay healthy and to desire to be that way. What is my philosophy in teaching? Well, I am eclectic and have a few that I fit into. I find mainly that I am a progressivist. I also agree with certain aspects from the philosophical stances idealism, realism, and existentialism. Being a physical education major, I really do not see how I could become a traditional teacher. I do not picture myself taking on much of a democratic role, especially in the gym setting that I would primarily be in. I assume that I will tak e up the role of a facilitating teacher and have student centered activities where we will learn new things together. I plan to give my students the freedom to make their own decisions for the most part, because no one is going to have fun and want to participate much at all if they are not in an enjoyable setting. There will be rules that my students and I will determine together, and these are what will remain for the entire duration of the class as long as they do not take advantage of the rules or myself. In a way, I will give my students the opportunity to lead their class, as long as they do it responsibly and do not get out of hand. I think that my curricular area is important because of the rise of childhood obesity in the United States today. I hope to contribute, in a way, to the decline of obesity in the future. As a teacher I hope to accomplish the impossible, as I am sure that everyone sets out to do in any field. I want students to leave my class feeling like I care about them and that they belong in my class as well. I want to be one of the teachers that the students look up to and feel comfortable and at ease around.